Disclaimer:this is not tested but might work.

The Alcohol image is just a simple .BIN file so to burn it under Linux you just need to generate the appropriate CUE file. This script does that, in the easiest fashion possible:

#!/bin/bash
if [ $# != 2 ]; then
        echo Usage: $(basename "$0") "<file.mdf> <file.cue>"
        echo This will write a CUE file from a file.mdf
        exit 1
fi
cat <<EOF > "$2"
FILE "$1" BINARY
  TRACK 01 MODE1/2352
    INDEX 01 00:00:00
EOF